Frequency and types of chromosomal abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients in Turkey
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Abstract
Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children and is usually associated with numerical and structural chromosomal changes. The correlations of specific cytogenetic findings with presenting clinical features indicate the prognostic significance of chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) in patients with ALL.
Design and methods: The aim of this study was to describe the types and frequencies of CAs in the childhood and adult ALL patients. To date, his was the largest study to date in of children with ALL in Turkey, and presented the general cytogenetic characteristics of 260 patients diagnosed as having with ALL in a 17-year period. The cytogenetic analyses were performed in the diagnosis of ALL patients.
Results: The karyotype results were normal in 76,9% of 260 patients. However, CAs were detected in 23.1% of all patients. The male-female ratio was 1,5 and median age at diagnosis was 8.58 years in children. the incidence of abnormal karyotype was higher in males than that of females (the male-female ratio=2,62). The 18.1% of these CAs was structural aberrations, and also numerical aberrations were 5.0%. The Ph chromosome t(9;22) translocation was present in 1,2% of children. CAs in addition to Ph+ was observed in one case. Specifically, deletions are the most common karyotype (5,8%) among the patients, Duplications was present in 6 (2,3%) patients. İnversions were detected in two patients (0,8%). The ratio of fragilities and other CAs was 1,9% and 2,3% of all patients, respectively. Among numerical chromosome abnormalities, 7 patients (2,7%) had aneuploidies and poliploidies. One patient also had microchimeric cells.
Conclusion: This study showed that anomalies detected in ALL patients have shown correlations between specific abnormalities and clinical characteristics of the patients. This information could contribute to an understanding of the role of chromosomal changes in ALL malignancy, and confirms the previously reported association between level of CAs and cancer risk.
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